Igneous / Specimen 06

Rhyolite.

How to identify it

Fine-grained, sometimes with a few larger crystals scattered in a fine matrix

Explore the igneous family ↗
Polished rhyolite surface with larger crystals in a reddish fine-grained groundmass
Benhoff · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Image source ↗
01 / Origin story

How does rhyolite form?

Rhyolite is the extrusive (fast-cooling, surface) counterpart to granite — same light-colored, quartz-and-feldspar-rich chemistry, but erupted and cooled too fast for large crystals to grow.

02 / Read the clues

How can you identify rhyolite?

Use several clues together.
One photograph shows one specimen, not every variation.

Enlarged crop of the Rhyolite specimen
Texture study · enlarged crop of this specimen
  1. 01Fine-grained, sometimes with a few larger crystals scattered in a fine matrix
  2. 02Light-colored: pink, tan, gray, or reddish
  3. 03Often shows flow banding — streaky lines from the lava's movement as it cooled
03 / Commonly confused with

Similar at first glance.

Compare the materials side by side.
Photographs are not shown to the same scale.

Rhyolite specimen for comparison

Rhyolite ↗

Fine-grained, sometimes with a few larger crystals scattered in a fine matrix

Andesite specimen for comparison

Andesite ↗

Fine-grained, medium gray to greenish-gray

Andesiterhyolite is generally lighter/paler; andesite runs more gray-to-dark. When in doubt, rhyolite's flow banding is a good tell.

04 / Out in the world

Where it’s found.

Explosive volcanic regions — Yellowstone is largely built on rhyolite, as are many other silica-rich volcanic zones.

Continue exploring

More from this family.